Basic laboratory and field manual for conducting research with the entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema and Heterorhabditis, and their bacterial symbionts

Broad spectrum chemical pesticides are harmful to humans and other nontarget organisms. Biological control, which entails the use of natural enemies, is a viable alternative. Isolation, identification, application biocontrol agents such as entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), Steinernema Heterorhabditis their symbiotic bacteria, Xenorhabdus Photorhabdus have increased substantially over last four decades, trend continues with advancement molecular techniques. Yet, there need for simple hands-on guide proper classification, handling, especially researchers users who not totally familiar these agents. Thus, this manual intended provide practical students interested in or wanting focus on The describes general biology bionomics nematode/bacterium complexes explains various basic standard protocols methods frequently used research field laboratories ranging from isolation methods. Methods rearing insects, Galleria mellonella Tenebrio molitor, routinely bioassays recovery EPNs, also included.